A B S T R A C TThe present study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting improving the quality of urban housing. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the research was the residents of 8 residential complexes of Atabak neighborhood in District 15 of Tehran. Based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete and error-free questionnaires were collected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was verified in the form of face and face validity, as well as divergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Analysis of data and information was done using SPSS and PLS software. The findings of this research showed physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368, the variable of access to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339, the variable of housing social conditions with a path coefficient of 0.169, and environmental quality with a path coefficient of 0.302 has a positive and significant impact on housing quality. According to the path coefficient obtained for the research variables, the amount of their impact on housing quality is evaluated as average. Among the identified factors, the factor of physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact, and the factor of access to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339 is ranked second. Also, this factor has a positive and significant effect on the physical quality factor of housing.Extended AbstractIntroductionAtabak neighborhood is one of the neighborhoods of District 15 of Tehran. In this neighborhood, physical changes have been made according to the interventions of the Tehran municipality in line with the implementation of the urban landscape plan and organized (inflow of private sector capital) in different years so far. Along with these interventions, the inadequacy of infrastructure and services to meet the population's needs has become this neighborhood's basic problem. Attention to its qualitative aspect needs to be addressed. This matter is important from the point of view of providing the city's basic needs, equitable distribution of facilities and resources, reducing urban inequalities, improving economic-social indicators, preventing unbridled and unplanned expansion, and ultimately improving the quality of life of the people. It demands that the quality of housing and the factors affecting it be evaluated and that a double effort be made to improve it, and it can provide a suitable context for providing suitable models of housing quality for citizens. Considering the mentioned cases, this research aims to answer the question:- What are the effective factors in improving the quality of housing? MethodologyThe current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was the residents of Mobaat, Minabi, Atabek, Shahrak Sajjadieh, Yas, Zahid Gilani, Shahid Asadi, and Safa residential complexes located in Atabak neighborhood of District 15 of Tehran. The statistical population was equal to 20469 people, and based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete and error-free questionnaires were collected; the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in the form of face and face validity as well as divergent validity. In order to check the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were used, and according to the results presented in the research findings section, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed. The data obtained from this research were analyzed using structural modeling using SPSS and PLS software. Results and discussion This research showed that physical quality has a positive and significant effect on improving housing quality; according to the value of the obtained path coefficient, which is equal to 0.368, the value of this effect is considered moderate. Based on the results, it can be said that physical dimensions, such as the physical crystallization of housing, are the most objective and material issues in housing evaluation, analysis, and planning. Concerning the impact of access to urban services on the quality of housing, the findings indicated a significant impact of access to urban services. In explaining the results of this section, it can be said that gradually, the housing is changing from a single purpose to a shelter. Those other aspects of welfare and social comfort are also added; the limits of enjoying services and access to the essentials of life are shown to evaluate the housing quality. These indicators are very important in determining housing quality and are an integral part of housing planning. Access to urban housing services is considered one of the main indicators of life, which the Population Crisis Committee has used to measure quality in the world's metropolises. In relation to social conditions and environmental quality on the quality of housing, the results of this research confirmed the impact of the social environment and environmental quality on the quality of housing. Creating residential spaces is a topic that has been discussed previously. From the beginning, human beings have tried to create a favorable living environment that matches the quality conditions of their residence's social and environmental environment. ConclusionThis research was written to explain the factors affecting improving the quality of urban housing. The findings of this research showed that among the studied factors, the physical quality factor with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact on improving the quality of urban housing in Tehran, such that this factor can explain 13.5% of the variance of the housing quality condition variable. Physical quality is defined based on the structural basis of a building and is often defined in the form of rules and standards related to it. The physical quality is sometimes interpreted as the appearance of buildings. Since they are fixed and real things, they are the reason for the emergence of general indicators for housing evaluation. The second factor is access to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339, so this factor can explain 11.4% of the variance of the housing quality condition variable. This factor has been ranked second regarding the impact on housing quality according to the path coefficient value obtained. In third place was the factor of environmental quality with the path coefficient value of 0.302, and this factor can explain 1.9% of the variance of the variable of housing quality. Moreover, in the last place is the factor of housing social conditions, which has a path coefficient of 0.196. Also, from the other results of this research, we can mention the positive effect of access to the quality of urban services on the improvement of the physical condition of housing, and the value of the path coefficient obtained for this effect is equal to 0.623 so that it is 38.8% of the variance of the variable. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionThe authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestThe authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Extended abstract:Introduction:Zanjan is one of the historic cities of Iran with rapid urbanization. Now its old and historic neighborhoods have been turned into the deteriorated textures. The problems of those neighborhoods have not been solved through projects and programs in urban scale. Hence, this is required to consider the issues in the neighborhood scale to solve them. One of the old neighborhoods of Zanjan city is Hosseinieh neighborhood faced with many physical and socioeconomical problems. So far, the city plans have failed to help properly this area revitalization.Hence, the problems need to be solved by the neighborhood and community planning. Researchers such as Watts (2006), Dixon (2011), Colton (2012), Hajipour (2006), The Salek (2007), Rafieapour (2009), Masoumi (2011), Madani (2012) and Rakhtabnak (2014) have used the concept of neighborhood planning and community development in recent years. In this study, we have tried to answer these questions: 1. what is the relationship between community planning and community sustainable development? 2. What is the relationship between the local community participation and sustainable neighborhoods? 3. What is the impact of local planning initiatives and the participation of the local community on sustainable development in the Hosseinieh neighborhood.

Today, the social aspects of the cities has been considered by the urban planning experts and has a great importance. The history of urban planning shows a promotion of its programs from a simply skeletal view to a multi-dimensional one, which includes all dimensions. Further, the neighborhood has been one of the tools in urban planning throughout the twentieth century to overcome the urban problems and has been considered from different views. In fact, Neighborhoods are now more social and cultural units than of geographical and skeletal units, therefore, are considered as more reliable units in urban planning. Due to the significance of social dimensions in urban planning, the present study attempts to investigate identity in neighborhoods and analyzes the factors contributing to the formation of identity in them. Because these factors constitute a vital potential source for sustainable development and guarantee the permanence of development indices. Based on field studies, and employing a descriptive-analytic model, the present study investigates the factor of identity in Fakhrabad neighborhood in Shiraz. The data were analyzed using SPSS Software through Chi Square Test, Phi and Cramer Coefficient, and Landa Coefficient. The results show that social-cultural variables have a high correlation with identity with marginal deviation, and that Fakhrabad neighborhood has achieved relative success in providing sustainability in the neighborhood.

Following the changes in conditions and factors affecting urban expansion and urban development in recent years, residential neighborhoods have had special positions in the formation of cities. While sustainable urban development is now a major part of the literature review in urban planning, its aspects have not yet been fully examined at the level of neighborhood. This paper examines the evolution of Narmak neighborhood in Tehran as one of the planned sustainable neighborhoods of the city. The paper raises several questions and concerns about the expansion of new neighborhoods without considering sustainability criteria. The definition of neighborhood varies in different societies and cultures. Population is a basic indicator for the recognition of a neighborhood. Traditionally, neighborhoods have had population between 5,000 to 10,000 persons. However, there are many neighborhoods with population much higher than what traditionally known. For example, there are many such neighborhoods in Tehran, such as Yoosefabad, Narmak, Tehranpars, Beryanak and Gisha.Tehran is one of the largest cities of the world, with population of some 10 millions. Tehran spatial structure confronts many constraints for its future development. It is growing very rapidly, confronting many problems such as pollution, traffic congestion, and provision of infrastructure and public facilities. Narmak neighborhood is one of the earliest planned residential developments in the eastern part of Tehran, planned, designed and developed fifty years ago. The plan of Narmak neighborhood has worked fairly until now. It is known as an identified neighborhood. It can be said that Narmak has been a sustainable neighborhood, based on various principles and criteria, including its stable population.This study used empirical data and information through a, questionnaire method. The questions were organized based on economic, social, cultural, environmental and physical factors and indicators. Various housing blocks were chosen for the study and 100 questioners were completed. The research shows some important findings.Over 35% of the residents have lived in the neighborhood more than 30 years. Although the neighborhood is now an old texture, it has not confronted emigration problem, similar to many other old neighborhoods. Basic principles and criteria can be found in Narmak neighborhood, including identity, vitality, diversity, accessibility, provision of public facilities and security. Over 55% of the residents enjoy their living in Narmak. Over 59% of residents do not want change their neighborhood. In other words, the neighborhood can respond the needs of its residents. Over 95% of residents are satisfied with education facilities, 60% with heath facilities and 57% with sport facilities.Presently, new neighborhoods are shaped through the complex interaction between market forces, public investment and regulation. Increasing housing demand and need, the ideas of compacts cities and the necessity of density increase, the spatial distribution of population, the consumption of land per person, and the pattern of daily trips within cities, are some important issues affecting urban form.The new neighborhoods' survival depends on finding solutions to emerging problems. However, the most important problem and anxiety can be the subject of carrying capacity. Although increasing construction and population density in recent years can be assessed as a policy toward sustainability, it has resulted in considerable problems. The policy of density increase needs several requirements, including the provision of infrastructure and public facilities. Based on this approach, carrying capacity should be seriously considered towards establishment sustainable neighborhoods.

Let G be a simple graph with vertex set {n1, n2, … , nn}. The common neighborhood graph of G, denoted by con (G), is a graph with vertex set {n1, n2, … , nn}, in which two vertices are adjacent if and only if they have at least one common neighbor in the graph G. In this paper, we compute the common neighborhood of some composite graphs. In continue, we investigate the relation between hamiltonicity of graph G and con (G). Also, we obtain a lower bound for the clique number of con (G) in terms of clique number of graph G. Finally we state that the total chromatic number of G is bounded by chromatic number of con (T(G)).

Neighborhood more than anything else expresses the need of humans for each other and is one of the most important first relationships. Neighborhood identity is a suitable ground for the growth and promotion of dependence, commitment and participation of people in the neighborhood. The findings indicate that:7% of respondents are friends with one or none of their neighbors and 57.3% of respondents are friends with two or more of their neighbors. 74.1 percent of the respondents rarely go to the cinema or outing with their neighbors or they don't go at all. 25.9 percent often or sometimes do this. 82% of them invited neighbors to a party for one or two of them, and 18% invited two or more of their neighbors to a party. 43.1 percent of the respondents say hello to five or less of their neighbors in the street. 56.9 percent do it with six or more neighbors. 42.5% of the respondents never or rarely talk to their neighbors and 57.5% of them often or sometimes do this. The analytical findings of the research also show that the more the social capital of the neighborhood among the citizens, the more they respect the rights of the neighborhood and apartment. Also, the neighborhood capital situation of the citizens has been compared and evaluated based on their personal and demographic characteristics in this research.

The fundamental changes in lifestyle all over the world have also affected the tourism industry. Tourism has moved away from museums and historical places and has stepped into new realms that free people from their daily life (and maybe their boredom). Human diversity and perfectionism can perhaps be considered as his most important tool that has led to his progress. Man always criticizes his situation and looks for a different experience that will improve his current situation. This principle is also seen in tourism. New generation tourists travel to different countries and cities with cultural-biological diversity to experience a different life in a different cultural context. Stay in eco-hotels, participate in cooking with the locals, participate in their rituals and celebrations, and generally experience different culturalbiological experiences up close. Now, our new cities and lifestyle have become like other peoples of the world, which attracts less tourists. Current life in traditional neighborhoods and The villages of Iran, derived from the culture and environmental conditions, are attractive and diverse, which can tempt the tourist to experience. What is this factor that has given life to the neighborhood and brought tourists from around the world to touch it?

Sustainable, livable and efficient neighborhoods can only developed through clever, smart and participatory planning and designing measures. Today, attention and emphasis on urban planning and management devoted to lower and more subtle and objective levels of urban life (neighborhood) and to participate being seen as essential and inseparable component of development and add on its importance day by day. The main pillar of the success of neighborhood development projects is partnership that will increase the participation rate, Feeling of belonging and membership in the neighborhood and feeling of influence and influence on the social environment in which it lives; Therefore, the main purpose of the present research is assessing the sense of neighborhood feeling with Increasing citizen participation in neighborhood development projects Is within the boundaries of the Pir Madar neighborhood in Ardabil. The present study is an applied objective and is of descriptive-analytical type in terms of its nature and in terms of data collection method is survey method. The statistical population of this study is the residents of the Pir Madar neighborhood, district 5 of region1 Ardabil which in 2017 includes 5294 people. Also, the sample size of 358 and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient are 0. 89. Finally, at the stage of data analysis, to measure the status quo of partnership and neighborhood sense from T test, to examine the relationship between partnership in neighborhood development from Pearson Correlation Coefficient test and to investigate the relationship between individual characteristics with neighborhood sense and willingness to participate Tthe Chi-square test. In the form of SPSS software is used. The results indicate a significant relationship between increasing the sense of neighborhood belonging with the degree of readiness to participate in community development projects. And finally, suggestions have been made.

Introduction: Nowadays, transportation is a subject that all people are in direct contact with it and Parallel to the development of cities. The need for public services and facilities is increased and this, in turn, will add a new dimension to metropolises public issues, particularly transport as traffic. Traffic calming is considered as one of the engineering proceedings that can cause a significant reduction in speed of vehicles. Thus, it has significant effects on reduction of accidents rate and fatalities. Since the implementation of the traffic calming projects can change street traffic process especially on local streets, it should be considered as requisite accuracy to choose the traffic calming tools and determination of suitable sections to perform. Followed by the problems of old areas of city especially the central urban areas affecting various aspects of urban life˓ government have paid special attention to the old urban areas. This need leads to designing an approach for urban revitalization that reflects long term and dynamic nature. There may be three reasons for the occurrence of the revitalization of urban life and, so, three types of revitalization are discussed:a) Imposing revitalization.b) Opportunistic revitalization.c) Protective or futurist revitalization.Methodology: Traffic calming means network design and engineering proceedings that are coming together in a way that improve road safety and other aspects of people's living environment. We can mention the followings as the issues that affect traffic calming:a) Speed of passage.b) Black spots and the risk of accidents.c) The type and pattern of traffic thoroughfares.d) Attractive Land travel position.e) Physical and geometrical features of streets.f) Pedestrian and vehicle traffic.g) Location of pedestrian crossings.h) Existence of special bus line.i) Access patterns in the rangej) Location of bike paths in the areaSince the issue has been examined in this study is neighborhood traffic calming with an approach to revitalization, we address the components of urban revitalization. These include four main dimensions of economic, social-culture˓ physical and environmental aspects. However, we plan to analyze the data in Table SWOT matrix. The matrix has a conceptual framework for the identification and analysis of threats and opportunities in the external environment and internal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a system.Results and discussion: In order to identify the opportunities and threats that the YurdShahy neighborhood is faced with, we explained and analyzed SWOT Table for the research. External and internal factors include general economic forces, social, cultural, political, institutional and legal and environmental conditions. At this stage, for evaluation of the obtained component of guidelines we can improve the neighborhood and use the SWOT plot strategy development. This is to prioritize the strategies of acceptable results. That is the strategy of the SO (aggressive strategy) to strengthen the power of the neighborhood YurdShahy to achieve the opportunities in this area...